![]() Recently the role of ideology and the impact of a translator’s point of view on the process of translation have significantly been considered in Translation Studies. Iran's long tradition of poetry and poetic prose (nasr-e-mosaja), leakage of contemporary author-translators' styles (their linguistic signatures) and the dominant cultural-linguistic norms of the Iranian community are thought to be the underlying causes of these NOSs ![]() The common NOSs were found to be (1) frequent use of nativized Arabic lexical and functional items, (2) tendency to use various doublets instead of single items (3) style-mixing (4) styleshifting and (5) frequent use of colloquial culture-specific idioms. In this study, the NOSs of three professional Iranian translators in three translated novels were identified and their drivers and cumulative impacts were discussed and accounted for. Obligatory shifts are the results of the inevitable systembased differences between source text (ST) and target text (TT), whereas non-obligatory shifts (NOS) are related to individual translators’ cultural, stylistic and normative choices. Vinay & Darbelnet (1997) implicitly divide shifts into obligatory or nonobligatory. Finally, the Conclusions Chapter gives a summary of the conclusions reached in the previous chapters, discusses the limitations of the present study and suggests some relevant topics for further studies.Ībstract: Shifts are one of the universals of translation. Chapter 8 is a linguistic analysis that deals with the micro-structural level of the study, it studies the cohesive devices of reference and ellipsis and the relevant features that determine their naturalness or unnaturalness. The Islamic Revolution is a very important turning point according to the cultural viewpoint and provides a very interesting opportunity for the comparison of cultural activities before and after the revolution, given the fact that this revolution is often considered to have a more cultural nature than a political one. Chapter 7 is a cultural analysis of the period after the Islamic Revolution and compares this period with a 15-year period before the revolution. Chapter 6 deals with the norms and models constraining the Persian translators’ behaviour, through an analysis of norms and their roots within the Persian literary polysystem. Chapter 5 analyses the historical situation and relations within and between the Persian literary and socio-political systems that gave rise to the need for translation and establishment of the new genre of the novel in Iran. ![]() chapters five to eight, have looked at the problem from different perspectives. Chapters 1 to 4 discuss theoretical matters: a review of translation theories, different approaches to naturalness, analysis of possible features involved in naturalness leading to a comprehensive definition of naturalness, and methodology of the study, that is, the different methods and the procedure followed in this research. ![]() The Introduction Chapter sets the problem, its significance, the questions to be addressed in the thesis and the hypotheses held. This thesis consists of eight main chapters, as well as Introduction and Conclusions Chapters. It studies, describes and explains the cultural and linguistic factors determining naturalness. This thesis is about ‘naturalness’ in the translation of novels from English into Persian.
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