The duty paid amount will also be refunded by way of direct credit to "Y" Bank account. Īfter completion of Export, the particulars of export will be automatically transferred from Customs Department to "Y" account maintained in GSTN portal. If he is eligible for execution of Letter of Undertaking, he can also do so accordingly. While submitting Shipping Bill and Bill of Lading, "X" has to give his GSTN Register Number and the Invoice reference in the said documents. "Y" can raise an Export Invoice on the foreign buyer "Z" either with ZERO duty after executing Bond with the Jurisdictional Central or State Authorities OR "X" can pay IGST on the export value ( here the tax can be paid either out of credit earned for the purchase made from the manufacturer or pay by cash) and supply the goods for export through the port. "Y" can take credit the CGST and SGST as per "X" Invoice after Under GST, the manufacturer "X" has to raise local GST Invoice with CGST and SGST and supply the goods to "Y". Here both X and Y have to obtain GST Registration. However, under the provisions of GST / IGST, the concept of merchant exporter is not there.Īssume Merchant Exporter "X" place order with "Y" a manufacturer to procure goods for onward export to foreign customer "Z" and both X and Y are situated in the same state. Under the existing Central Excise provisions, Merchant Exporter can execute a Bond and obtain CT-1 certificate to procure goods from local manufacturers for the purpose of export.
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Customers have the option to schedule these appointments at on a desktop or mobile device, at a retail counter in more than 17,000 Post Offices or at a self-service kiosk at 2,200 USPS locations. Customers can schedule first-time passport application and Photo Services Only appointments through Retail Customer Appointment Scheduler (RCAS) tool. Passport acceptance service is offered at 4,800 Post Office locations nationwide. USPS is currently holding passport fairs, expanding off-site availability of passport services and extending appointment hours across the country. Most of these locations can also take passport photos. The Postal Service accepts first-time applications and offers passport-related products and services at 4,800 Post Offices across the country. It’s important to note that the Postal Service does not process or issue passports Department of State since the 1970s and works very closely with its Passport Agency. The Postal Service has operated as an agent of the U.S. Additional information can be found on our Passport Page on. Following are some passport application tips to help speed the process along. A valid passport should be the first item on your travel check-off list. Passport fairs will resume only after it is safe to do so.Īpplying for a passport is just a few clicks away As a temporary measure due to the pandemic, please use our online scheduler or a Post Office lobby self-service kiosk to make an appointment for passport services to ensure the safety of our employees and customers. In accordance with new safety guidelines, the Postal Service has made changes to its passport application process.īeginning March 25, 2020, the Postal Service began processing all passport application services by appointment only. The Department of State has issued updated passport guidance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful traveling begins with a passport Sudoku improves concentration, helps reduce stress and anxiety, encourages a healthy mindset, helps develop children’s problem-solving ability, promotes healthy competition, enhances problem-solving ability, improves memory, etc. Just spread the numbers without repeating them horizontally, vertically, or in smaller squares. The Sudoku player needs to distribute the numbers from one to nine in a square of 81 squares. Wayne Gould visited Japan, learned about complex Sudoku strategies, and developed a computer program for the game, launched in 2003. There is only one right solution for each house. The primary Sudoku strategy includes lateral thinking, patience, good visual acuity, and reasoning ability. Players cannot repeat the numbers in the same row, column, and square. The rows and columns have nine “squares.” The players must fill each row, column, and square with numbers from one to nine. Sudoku has a 9 x 9 grid of 81 cells in total. Repeat the process several times until you fill-up the entire square. Write the number and exclude it from the other places in the same row, column, or cell. You already have the result where there is only one possibility in houses. The idea is to write down all the possibilities with a pencil so that you can erase them later. Always start with the groups that have the most clue numbers already laid out. The first step in Sudoku tips for beginners is to analyze each row, column, and cell and find the numbers that you can place there. Today, Japan has more than six thousand magazines specializing in sharing and enhancing Sudoku strategy reports. Upon returning to his homeland, Kinji improved the game. The Japanese Maki Kinji learned about the game in 1984. The 9 x 9 format became popular in the US in 1970. The famous Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler created Latin squares – a game in which numbers must appear only once in each row and in each column. In Japanese, Sudoku means “suji-wa-dokushin-ni-kagiru,” which means, “the numbers must be unique.” This game requires logic and reasoning for resolution. Recently the role of ideology and the impact of a translator’s point of view on the process of translation have significantly been considered in Translation Studies. Iran's long tradition of poetry and poetic prose (nasr-e-mosaja), leakage of contemporary author-translators' styles (their linguistic signatures) and the dominant cultural-linguistic norms of the Iranian community are thought to be the underlying causes of these NOSs The common NOSs were found to be (1) frequent use of nativized Arabic lexical and functional items, (2) tendency to use various doublets instead of single items (3) style-mixing (4) styleshifting and (5) frequent use of colloquial culture-specific idioms. In this study, the NOSs of three professional Iranian translators in three translated novels were identified and their drivers and cumulative impacts were discussed and accounted for. Obligatory shifts are the results of the inevitable systembased differences between source text (ST) and target text (TT), whereas non-obligatory shifts (NOS) are related to individual translators’ cultural, stylistic and normative choices. Vinay & Darbelnet (1997) implicitly divide shifts into obligatory or nonobligatory. Finally, the Conclusions Chapter gives a summary of the conclusions reached in the previous chapters, discusses the limitations of the present study and suggests some relevant topics for further studies.Ībstract: Shifts are one of the universals of translation. Chapter 8 is a linguistic analysis that deals with the micro-structural level of the study, it studies the cohesive devices of reference and ellipsis and the relevant features that determine their naturalness or unnaturalness. The Islamic Revolution is a very important turning point according to the cultural viewpoint and provides a very interesting opportunity for the comparison of cultural activities before and after the revolution, given the fact that this revolution is often considered to have a more cultural nature than a political one. Chapter 7 is a cultural analysis of the period after the Islamic Revolution and compares this period with a 15-year period before the revolution. Chapter 6 deals with the norms and models constraining the Persian translators’ behaviour, through an analysis of norms and their roots within the Persian literary polysystem. Chapter 5 analyses the historical situation and relations within and between the Persian literary and socio-political systems that gave rise to the need for translation and establishment of the new genre of the novel in Iran. chapters five to eight, have looked at the problem from different perspectives. Chapters 1 to 4 discuss theoretical matters: a review of translation theories, different approaches to naturalness, analysis of possible features involved in naturalness leading to a comprehensive definition of naturalness, and methodology of the study, that is, the different methods and the procedure followed in this research. The Introduction Chapter sets the problem, its significance, the questions to be addressed in the thesis and the hypotheses held. This thesis consists of eight main chapters, as well as Introduction and Conclusions Chapters. It studies, describes and explains the cultural and linguistic factors determining naturalness. This thesis is about ‘naturalness’ in the translation of novels from English into Persian. The remaining bytes in the stream are encoded using one of four element types. The lower seven bits of each byte are used for data and the high bit is a flag to indicate the end of the length field. The first bytes of the stream are the length of uncompressed data, stored as a little-endian varint, which allows for use of a variable-length code. The format uses no entropy encoder, like Huffman tree or arithmetic encoder. Snappy encoding is not bit-oriented, but byte-oriented (only whole bytes are emitted or consumed from a stream). Snappy does not use inline assembler (except some optimizations ) and is portable. Decompression is tested to detect any errors in the compressed stream. It can be used in open-source projects like MariaDB ColumnStore, Cassandra, Couchbase, Hadoop, LevelDB, MongoDB, RocksDB, Lucene, Spark, and InfluxDB. Snappy is widely used in Google projects like Bigtable, MapReduce and in compressing data for Google's internal RPC systems. The compression ratio is 20–100% lower than gzip. Compression speed is 250 MB/s and decompression speed is 500 MB/s using a single core of a circa 2011 "Westmere" 2.26 GHz Core i7 processor running in 64-bit mode. It does not aim for maximum compression, or compatibility with any other compression library instead, it aims for very high speeds and reasonable compression. The mapping between an object's MessageInfo.type and its respective Protobuf message type must by extracted from the iWork applications at runtime.Snappy (previously known as Zippy) is a fast data compression and decompression library written in C++ by Google based on ideas from LZ77 and open-sourced in 2011. Fortunately, all of this information can be recovered from the iWork binaries using proto-dump.Ī full dump of the Protobuf messages can be found here. This information can be recovered by inspecting the TSPRegistry class at runtime.īecause Protobuf is not a self-describing format, applications attempting to understand the payloads must know a great deal about the data types and hierarchy of the objects serialized by iWork. The iWork applications manually map these integer values to their respective Protobuf message types, and the mappings vary slightly between Keynote, Pages and Numbers. The format of the payload is determined by the type field of the associated MessageInfo message. The ArchiveInfo includes a variable number of MessageInfo messages describing the encoded Payloads that follow, though in practice iWork files seem to only have one payload message per ArchiveInfo. Each object begins with a varint representing the length of the ArchiveInfo message, followed by the ArchiveInfo message itself. The uncompresed IWA contains the Component's objects, serialized consecutively in a Protobuf stream. The 4 byte header is not included in the chunk length. The next three bytes are interpreted as a 24-bit little-endian integer indicating the length of the chunk. The first byte indicates the chunk type, which in practice is always 0 for iWork, indicating a Snappy compressed chunk. The stream is composed of contiguous chunks prefixed by a 4 byte header. In particular, they do not include the required Stream Identifier chunk, and compressed chunks do not include a CRC-32C checksum. IWA files are stored in Snappy's framing format, though they do not adhere rigorously to the spec. Snappy is a compression format created by Google aimed at providing decent compression ratios at high speeds. iwa (iWork Archive) files, a custom format consisting of a Protobuf stream wrapped in a Snappy stream. iwa files are inherently compressed (see Snappy Compression), the zip implementation used for Index.zip could be designed to be minimial and efficient. iwa files, only the Index.zip must be locked. Saving a document might involve writing out several Components, so instead of coordinating writes to the various individual. One possibility is that Index.zip is used to prevent the syncronization issues that would occur if reading and writing a document involved accessing many small files. The iWork '13 applications contain a separate, more complete zip implementation used for reading and writing iWork '09 documents (which are bundles that have been zipped in their entirety), so I believe the choice to forgo compression for Index.zip is intentional. Simply expanding Index.zip and then recreating it with a standard zip utility will result in a document that iWork refuses to open. It does not support any form of compression or extensions like Zip64. Curiously, the zip implementation iWork uses for this file is extremely limited. |